Group1

Learning outcomes
Students will:
 * learn more about the state of race relations in North Carolina after Reconstruction and in the early 20th century.
 * learn about various perspectives related to race relations in North Carolina and evaluate major arguments of both sides.
 * work with primary sources and read for bias and author’s context.

Time required for lesson
1-2 days (1 day for each activity)

Technology resources
Internet access, computer lab (or print copies of documents) , Glogster.

Activities
This lesson involves five fairly long documents. In order to make the material more manageable for students, it is suggested that only excerpts are assigned. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Also, one option involves dividing the class into four groups and then assigning each group a particular document to read. Using the jigsaw method, students could then “teach” each other about the documents before completing comparisons or class discussions. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Have students read the following:
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[|John Merrick: A Biographical Sketch by R. McCants Andrews] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Suggested excerpt: Chapter 12 “The Larger Significance of North Carolina Mutual.” Also some sections of the introduction are useful since they provide background on Merrick and place the document in its historical context.
 * 2) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[|The Negro in NC and the South by Chief Justice Walter Clark] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Suggested excerpts: this document is divided into many interesting themes, in particular “The Value of Negro Labor”, “Farm ownership”, “No Negro Problem” (notice the nativist views), and “Negro suffrage” all give clear indications of Clark’s perspective.
 * 3) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[|W.E.B. Du Bois’s brief biography] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> and <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[|The Upbuilding of Black Durham by W.E.B. Du Bois] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. Suggested excerpt: all of pp 334-338.
 * 4) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Natural Selection and the Race Problem by Benjamin K. Hays] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (Notice that this article was printed in a medical journal. Suggested excerpts: all, pp. 1-21, in particular on p. 2 he refers to Frederick Douglas (the colored apostle), Du Bois on pp 11-12, equality p. 17, and the “true” position for African Americans on p. 20-21.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">While students read have them fill in the <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Perspectives on African American Advancement Chart] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. “Historic context” refers to the author’s position including his ethnicity, role in society, biography, etc. whereas “major points” are main arguments, bias, or points of view encountered in reading the text.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Activity: Use Glogster.edu to create posters online based off of pictures found displaying race relations during the reconstruction. This project will be completed in the same groups as the “Historical Context” project. This activity would be done during the second day, because the first activity would likely only take a single class.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 24px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Assessment
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ask students to write about or discuss in class the differing perspectives regarding African American advancement, the major issues facing their population in the years after Reconstruction ended and the white views that attempted to hinder their progress. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> This will be done as a journal entry or short essay that will be handed in after the two days. Students will also be assessed on their Glogster project. Finally, students will have questions incorporating this activity on their Objective 5 Unit Exam.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 19px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Comments
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">This lesson is suitable for an advanced history class.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Grade 11–12 — African American History

 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Goal 5: The learner will examine the rise of Jim Crow and its effects on the life experiences of African Americans in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Objective 5.01] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">: Assess the economic impact of Jim Crow laws on African Americans.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Objective 5.04] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">: Compare and contrast the African American political and legal personalities of the time period and their impact on American society.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Objective 5.05] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">: Evaluate the economic, cultural, political, and social impact of African American migration within and from the South.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Grade 11–12 — United States History

 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Goal 3: Crisis, Civil War, and Reconstruction (1848-1877) - The learner will analyze the issues that led to the Civil War, the effects of the war, and the impact of Reconstruction on the nation.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">[|Objective 3.04] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">: Analyze the political, economic, and social impact of Reconstruction on the nation and identify the reasons why Reconstruction came to an end.